Games to Support Skills for Children with Disabilities

Games are an effective tool to support instruction in special education. When your students know how to play a game, they can play it independently. Some board games and many electronic games are available commercially or online, but they dont always support the skills that your students need to build. At the same time, many online computer games fail to support social interaction, which is an important benefit of supporting instruction with board games. Reasons for Games Drill and Repetition: Students with disabilities often need lots and lots of practice on skills, beyond what they would receive in a general education class, in a more naturalistic approach to instruction. We also know that students have difficulty generalizing skills, so games that use math or reading skills in a game will motivate children to use those skills across more social settings.Social Skill Training and Practice: Many children with disabilities, especially developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders, have difficulty with social interactions. Board games support waiting, turn taking, and even losing gracefully, which both typical, and children with special needs struggle with. Games can even be designed to support social skills, such as a social skill game that requires students to complete a social task successfully (Say hello to a friend, etc.), to stay on a square on the board, or you can make some social skills cards for existing games (Chance cards on Monopoly?).Peer-Mediated Instruction:  Children with disabilities benefit from having skills modeled by typically developing, non-disabled peers. Those skills will include both academic and social skills. The typical peers will be sure to check the work of their challenged peers and can supervise play. Games as part of inclusion give both groups opportunities to practice skills, exercise some socially appropriate behavior, and build positive peer relationships. Bingo Kids love bingo. Kids with disabilities love bingo because it doesnt require knowing lots of rules, and since everyone plays through every game, it scores well on the engagement scale. It requires that they listen; identify the numbers, words, or pictures on the card; place a cover on the squares (fine motor skills), and recognize the pattern of covered squares. Many bingo games are commercial and available through online or brick and mortar stores. Teaching Made Easier, an online subscription tool for making games is an excellent way to make sight word, number, or other sorts of bingos, including picture bingos. Kinds of Bingo Games   Vocabulary Building Bingos: These bingos have children cover pictures of animals or items in other categories to build receptive language.  Number Recognition Bingos: Teaching Made Easier makes it possible to customize the range of numbers used for Bingo. You can make one set of cards that uses numbers from twenty to forty to give students practice in recognizing numbers larger than twenty, but not the whole shooting match up to 100. You can also ask students with strong number recognition to read the cards, as it helps them build their skills in reading numbers aloud. Educators often recommend that some recitation in math instruction is included to be sure the numbers also get into students mouths.  Math Fact Bingo: Call numbers and have students cover matching math facts (i.e., call 12 and students can cover 2 x 6 or 3 x 4) Board Games You can build a board game based on any number of different games: Parchesi, Sorry, Monopoly. The simplest games are simple games that start at one place and end at the finish line. They can be used to support counting, or they can be used to support specific skills. You can use dice, or you can create spinners. Many Math series provide spinners that you can adapt: Once again, Teaching Made Easier provides a template for spinners. Kinds of Board Games Counting Games: An example is Halloween Rumble. Start with a serpentine path divided into squares, use dice (to building counting and adding skills) or a spinner. You can use a spinner for skip counting games (by 2s and 5s).Social Skills Games: Design this after games like Life or Monopoly, where students take cards to complete a social skill. Perhaps you might have a stack of requests such as, Ask a friend for help on your math, or a greeting: Greet a teacher in school. Quiz Show Games A great way to help students prepare for a test is a Quiz Show format. Build your game like Jeopardy and make you categories support whatever topic your students are preparing for. This is an especially good tactic for a secondary teacher who can pull a group from a content area class to prepare for a test. Games Create Winners! Games are a great way to engage your students, as well as give them lots of opportunities to practice skills and content knowledge. They seldom realize that the whole time they are competing with their classmates, they are supporting learning with their peers. It can provide some formative assessment information, letting you see whether a student understands a skill, a content area or a set of concepts.

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Analysis Of The Poem Whale Rider Essay - 1265 Words

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Is Guinea Worm Disease - 1073 Words

APPLY COURSE CONCEPTS INTO ANALYSIS OF EVENTS AND TRENDS In the film, Foul Water, Fiery Serpent, former president, Jimmy Carter shows his process of eradicating Guinea Worm disease. With the help of Director Gary Strieker, Carter educates viewers on how the disease forms, how it has spread throughout countries, and how it will soon be defeated. When Guinea worm first surfaced, there were 3.5 million cases in 20 countries worldwide. With the help of Jimmy Carter, his campaign members, and many more, they have managed to drop these cases down to 3,190 by the year 2009. With some statistical facts at the end of the documentary, Guinea worm is likely to be the next disease in the history of mankind to be eradicated from the earth, right after smallpox. It was also the first parasitic disease to be eradicated, and the first disease to be eradicated without the use of vaccines or medicines. With this campaign, reported cases went from 4,136 in 2007, to 242 cases by 2009 in Ghana alone. 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Lions…Tigers…and Bears the World of E-Hrm free essay sample

The World of e-HRM Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Management College of Business Management Cardinal Stritch University November 29, 2011 Abstract Rapid development and expansion of the internet has boosted the realization and application of e-HRM. Technological optimist assume, that from a technical perspective, the IT possibilities for e-HRM are endless: in principal all HR processes can be supported by IT. This paper aims at giving a clear definition of what HRM and e-HRM actually is, as well as the current uses and technologies utilizing the e-HRM concept. This paper will also discuss some of the pros and cons associated with e-HRM from 4 different perspectives: individual, operational, relational, and transformational. Keywords: e-HRM, HRM, technology, management With the rapid development and expansion of the internet the realization and application of e-HRM has intensified. Technological optimist assume, that from a technical perspective, the IT possibilities for e-HRM are endless: in principal all HR processes can be supported by IT. Surveys of HR consultants suggest that both the number of organizations adopting e-HRM and the depth of applications within the organizations are continually increasing. (CedarCrestone, 2005) In addition, there is anecdotal evidence that e-HRM is becoming increasingly common and may lead to remarkable changes. This paper aims at giving a clear definition of what HRM and e-HRM is, as well as the current uses and technologies utilizing the e-HRM concept. This paper will also discuss various pros and cons associated with e-HRM from four distinct perspectives: individual, operational, relational, and transformational. This paper will conclude with a summary of conclusions about the appropriate and best uses of e-HRM. Human Resource Management (HRM) The human resources of an organization consist of all people who perform its activities. HRM is concerned with the personnel policies, managerial practices and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and performance. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) In broader terms, all decisions that affect the workforce of an organization concern the HRM function. The HR department of an organization is solely responsible for outplacement, labor law compliance, record keeping, testing, unemployment compensation, and some aspects of benefits administration. In addition to the administrative services and transactions, the HR department also acts as an organizations business and strategic partner. With the administrative services and transactions, the HR department focuses on compensation, hiring and staffing; emphasizing resource efficiency and service quality. As a business partner, the HR department focuses on developing effective HR systems and helping implement business plans and talent management; emphasizing knowing the business, exercising influence with regard to problem solving, and designing effective systems to ensure needed competencies. The HR department in the ever-evolving role of strategic partner focuses on contributing to business strategy based on considerations of human capital, business capabilities, readiness, and developing HR practices as strategic differentiators; emphasizing knowledge of HR and of the business, competition, the market, and business strategies. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM) Before starting to define e-HRM, it is important to identify terms that possibly carry similar meaning. In addition to e-HRM, there are several concepts that refer to the same trend. Widely accepted terms include virtual HR(M) (Lepak Snell, 1998), web-based HR(M) (Ruel, Bondarouk, Looise, 2004), or business-to-employee (B2E) (Huang, Jin, Yang, 2004). â€Å"Virtual HRM refers to technological mediated networks of different internal and external actors providing the firm with the HR services needed without the further existence of a conventional HR department which therefore becomes virtual. In summary, these additional terms undoubtedly direct attention to main characteristics of the same phenomenon but are of narrower intensions; therefore, in order to comprehensively embrace relevant aspects the e-HRM term is used. E-HRM is not a specific stage in the development of HRM, but a choice for an approach to HRM. It is the application of information technology for both networking and supporting employees and the HR department in their shared performing of HR activities, specifically the processing and transmission of digitized information used in HRM. (Srivastava, 2010; Strohmeier, 2007; Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Types of e-HRM Wright and Dyer (2000) distinguish three areas of HRM where organizations can choose to offer HR services face-to-face or through an electronic means: transactional HRM, traditional HRM, and transformational HRM. Operational HRM consists of the basic HR activities in the administrative area; for example payroll and personnel data. Relational HRM entails more advanced HRM activities; such as tools that support basic business processes such as recruiting and selection of new personnel. Transformational HRM concerns HRM activities with a strategic character, such as activities regarding organizational change processes and strategic competence management. (Ruel, Bondarouk, Looise, 2004) What is e-HRM being used for? E-HRM is currently being used for three broad HRM functions: transactional processing, reporting and tracking, decision support systems, and expert systems. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Transactional processing refers to computations and calculations used to review and document HRM decisions and practices and would fall under the area of operational HRM. Decision support systems, which fall under the umbrella of relational HRM, are designed to help managers solve what-if questions, that is allows managers to see how outcomes change when assumptions or data change. Falling under the area of transformational HRM, expert systems are computer systems incorporating the decision rules of people recognized as experts in a certain area. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Current Technologies The most current technologies being applied to HRM include interactive voice technology, client-server architecture, relational databases, imaging, and development of specialized software. These technologies improve effectiveness through increasing access to information, improving communications, improving the speed with which HRM transaction and information can be gathered, and reducing the costs and facilitating the administration of HRM functions such as recruiting, training, and performance management. † (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010, p. 737) Interactive Voice Technology Especially useful with benefits administration, interactive voice technology uses a conventional personal computer to create an automated phone-response system. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Networks and Client Server Architecture Traditionally different computer systems with different databases are used for payroll, recruiting, and other HRM functions. A network is a combination of computers, mainframes or minicomputers that share access to databases and a method to transmit information throughout the system. â€Å"A common form of network involves client-server architecture. Client server architecture provides the means of consolidating data and applications into a single system (the client). Both the data and software can be accessed and borrowed by multiple users. Relational Databases A relational database is a structure that stores information in separate files that look like tables and that can be linked by common elements, such as name, identification number or location. Users can file and retrieve information according to any field or multiple fields. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Imaging Imaging is a process for scanning documents, storing them electronically, and retrieving them. This is particularly useful because paper files take up a large volume of space and are difficult to access. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Expert Systems Expert systems are technologies that mimic a human expert, that have three elements: a knowledge base that contains facts, figures and rules about a specific subject; a decision-making capability that draws conclusions from those facts and figures to solve problem and answer questions; and a user interface that gathers and gives information to the person using the system. Groupware Groupware is an electronic meeting software application that enables multiple users to track, share, and organize information and to work on the same document simultaneously. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Software Applications for HRM HRM Software applications are also being utilized in the areas of recruitment and selection, compensation and rewards, as well as training and development. To ensure that ensure that hiring practices and decisions align with the law, traditional recruitment and selection processes have typically required considerable face-to-face communications, labor-intensive assessment devices, and significant monitoring of managerial decisions. Technology also enables organizations to provide online testing services as well as to monitor hiring processes to minimize the potential for discriminatory hiring practices. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) The most pervasive form of bureaucracy, rigid, time-consuming and ineffective processes are reflected in HRM compensation systems. This is in spite of the critical role they play in attracting, motivating and retaining employees. Leveraging technology may allow firms to better achieve their compensation goals with considerably less effort. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) In regards to training and development, although it is not new for organizations to look to different avenues such as computer or video, many organizations have begun delivering much more training via the internet. Although some training can be done effectively via the internet and intranet, some can not. Online training can considerably shorten the amount of time and money an organization spends on training. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2010) Pros and Cons of e-HRM Individual Level Looking at the pros and cons on a micro-level, some case studies reveal increased employee acceptance and satisfaction due to added value like time-savings or increased accuracy of results. (Ruta, 2005; Hawking, Stein, Foster, 2004) however, concerns of privacy and perceptions of fairness by employees was of concern.

Greek Architecture and the Parthenon Essay Example For Students

Greek Architecture and the Parthenon Essay Architecture according to Encarta 99 is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings. There are many different types of architecture, but they all eventually trace back to the Greeks and Romans. The Greek s roots lie in the Aegean civilization; nevertheless its particular characteristics have made it one of the most established influences in Western architecture. One of the most important and famous examples of Greek architecture is the Parthenon located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Greek architecture is usually broken up into four different periods: the Geometric and Orientalizing periods (c. 1100 BC to 650 BC), the Archaic period (c. 660 BC to 475 BC), the Classical period (c. 475 BC to 323 BC) and the Hellenistic period (c. 323 BC to 31 BC). Architecture of the Geometric and Orientalizing periods had more of a simple structure customarily made of mud brick and rubble. The plan of temples during this period was similar to that of the houses which evolved from circular to horseshoe like shapes and eventually rectangular. They were generally built on an east-west axis with an entrance and a columned porch at one end. In rectangular temples, the two side walls projected beyond the front wall to form a porch. In the rooms, a single row of wooden columns along the main axis supported the wooden beams of the gable roof. This style was later replaced with two rows of columns because it shadowed the image of divinity. During the Archaic period Greek society grew not only geographically, but also economically. This expansion led to the development of formal architecture and the use of marble and limestone. In the 7th century the Greeks started to build stone temples after the Egyptians, but in their own distinctive style. The temples were rectangular and stood on a low, stepped terrace in an enclosure, which was where their rituals took place. The smaller temples had a two-columned front porch occasionally with a portico in front of it. The large temples had front and back porches and sometimes it wold have a six-columned portico in front of each porch or else it would be surrounded by a colonnade. This colonnade was supported by a lintel under the roof. At this period architects developed two orders or styles of columns called Doric and Ionic. The Doric type columns are shorter and thicker. They had no bases and their capitals were made up of a square slab over a round cushion shape. These capitals were extremely heavy and spaced quite close in order to support the masonry. Their weight was distributed by the tapered and fluted shaft. Over every column vertical triglyphs were carved and between them were the metopes, which were painted at first, but later they were filled with painted reliefs. The Doric order predominated on mainland Greece and later spread to Western colonies. Columns in the Ionic style were derived from the cities on the islands and the coasts of Asia Minor. However, Asia Minor was exposed more to Egyptian and Asian influences rather than Greek. Therefore it featured capitals with spiral volutes, a more narrow shaft with fairly dissimilar fluting and an intricate and curvilinear base. The Classical period consists of three parts, the earlier period, the middle period and the late period. The Early Classical period began after the Persian invasion and Greek victory, which stimulated much activity in architecture due to the large amount of destruction. Athens, the dominant political and economic power was especially effected. Most of the temples were in the Doric style, but drifting away from the heavy proportions of the Archaic Doric style. .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .postImageUrl , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:visited , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:active { border:0!important; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:active , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek and Roman Architecture essay exampleThe Middle Classical period emerged during the 5th century BC. Architects began refining their work in order to counteract the obvious distortions of perspective. The temple terrace was now curved upwards in the center, the taper of the columns were made convex, the axes of columns were inclined inward and vertical lines were tilted either inward or outward. The Parthenon, one of the most important temples, was built during this period. The Parthenon was constructed between 447 BC and 432 BC by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates on the site of two earlier temples, the old Temple of Athena and the older Parthenon which was started in 488 BC and burned by the Persians in 480 BC. The Parthenon was meant to symbolize the power of the Athenian Empire and in particular that of Perikles, a politician who promoted its construction. It functioned as a place of worship for almost 2000 years until 1687 AD when the temple was exploded during the Turk and Venetian war. The Greek temples were thought to have an economic function as a bank which guarded to treasures for the gods. It was also used as a place for sacrificial purposes, which on the whole took place outside of the temples. The outside of Greek temples was generally considered to be more important than the inside therefore the exterior of the structure consisted of many sculptures. The temples had a large amount of space and were made of colonnades, which are rows of columns. The colonnades, located around the inner chamber had a strong contrast of light and dark color. The temple could be approached from all sides due to this structure. The architectural design of the Parthenon is known as Doric Peripteral, suggesting that it has a rectangular shaped floor with a sequence of low steps and a colonnade of Doric columns. The structure consists of almost entirely Pentelic marble from the renowned quarries on Mount Pentelikon, following the design of a typical Greek temple. It is encompassed by an abnormally large colonnade with eight narrow columns in the front and back and seventeen on each side. The ceiling of the colonnade was made of coffered marble. The sanctuary had two sections, which were entered through a shallow porch. The cella, which is the central part of the temple, contains two interior rooms called the naos and opisthodomos. The eastern cella is the largest; measuring approximately 100 feet contained the huge chryselephantine (gold-and-ivory) statue of Athena, protector of the city, and was supported by a two-story Doric colonnade on three sides. The smaller western cella was supported by four tall Ionic columns and the exterior of the Parthenon has Doric style columns, which consists of a simple design. During the Late Classical period the architectural stimulation decreased when the Greeks were defeated in the Peloponnesian War. The temples continued in the Doric style but the porch in the back was left out. The third and final order was that of the Corinthian order which was developed at this time. The Corinthian order consists of Ionic capitals, which were decorated with acanthus leaves. This style was much more fitting for use at corners with its four identical faces which giving it an advantage over the Ionic order. When the Greek city-states were conquered by Alexander the Great his armies brought the Greek culture and architecture to the Middle East, which was the beginning of the Hellenistic period. For small temples the Doric style continued to be used, however, for the larger temples the Ionic style became more popular. By this time the Corinthian style had spread causing the Corinthian columns to be more widely adopted by architects. The art of designing and constructing something, which is both practical and aesthetically pleasing, is not an easy task. However, the Greeks managed to overcome all of the problems which they faced to produce an example which is admired and followed by not only the Greeks themselves but by architects and people all over the world.